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1. Collee JG, Bradley R. A Decade on BSE: Part I. The Lancet 1997; 349; 636Œ41.

 

2. Surveillance for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease- United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 1996; 45; No. 31.

 

3. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,USDA. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). http://www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/bse/.

 

4. World Health Organization Fact Sheets, November 2000. http://www.who.int/inf-fs/en.

 

5. Holman RC, Khan AS, Kent J, Strine TW, Schonberger LB. Epidemiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in the United States, 1979-1990: Analysis of National Mortality Data. Neuroepidemiology 1995; 14; 174-181.

 

6. Zerr I, Bodemer M, Otto M, Poser S, Windl O, Kretzchmar HA, Gefeller O, Weber T. Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by two dimensional gel electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid. The Lancet 1996; 348; 846-849.

 

7. Will RG, Ironside JW, Zeidler M, Cousens SN, Estibeiro K, Alperovitch A, Poser S, Pocchiari M, Hofman A, Smith PG. A variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the U.K. The Lancet 1996; 347; 921-925.

 

8. Will R, Zeidler M. Diagnosing Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: case identification depends on neurological and neuropathological assessment. British Medical Journal 1996; 313; 833.

 

9. Collee JG, Bradley R. BSE: a decade on- part 2. The Lancet 1997; 349; 715-721.

 

10. Smith PG, Cousens SN. Is the New Variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease from Mad Cows? Science 1996; 273; 748.

 

11. Gibbons RV, Holman RC, Belay ED, Schonberger LB. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in the United States: 1979-1998. The Journal of the American Medical Association 2000; 284, 2322-2323. Updated 2003, L. Schonberger, personal communication.

 

12. Budka H, Aguzzi A, Brown P, Brucher JM, Bugiani O, Gullotta F, Haltia M, Hauw JJ, Ironside JW, Jellinger K, Kretzschmar HA, Lantos PL, Masullo C, Schlote W, Tateishi J, Weller RO. Neuropathological Diagnostic Criteria for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) and Other Human Spongiform Encephalopathies (Prion Diseases). Brain Pathology 1995; 5; 459-466.

 

13. Bell JE, Ironside JW. Neuropathology of spongiform encephalopathies in humans. British Medical Journal 1993; 49; 738-777.

 

14. Prepared statement of Lawrence B. Schonberger, M.D., M.P.H., National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, before the House Government Reform and Oversight Committee. January 29, 1997.

 

15. Schonberger L. New variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 1998; 12; 111-121.

 

16. Almond J, Pattison J. Human BSE. Nature 1997; 389; 437-438.

 

17. Zeidler M, Stewart GE, Barraclough CR, Bateman DE, Bates D, Burn DJ, Colchester AC, Durward W, Fletcher NA, Hawkins SA, Mackenzie JM, Will RG. New variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: neurological features and diagnostic tests. The Lancet 1997; 350; 903-907.

 

18. Zeidler M, Stewart G, Cousens SN, Estibeiro K, Will RG. Codon 129 genotype and variant CJD. The Lancet 1997: 350; 668.

 

19. Bruce ME, Will RG, Ironside JW, McConnell I, Drummond D, Suttle A, McCardie L, Chree A, Hope J, Birkett C, Cousens SN, Fraser H, Bostock CJ. Transmissions to mice indicate that ‘variant’ CJD is caused by the BSE agent. Nature 1997; 389; 498-501.


20. Wells GAH, Hawkins SAC, Green RB, Austin AR, Dexter I, Spencer YI, Chaplin MJ, Stack MJ, Dawson M. Preliminary observations on the pathogenesis of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): an update. Veterinary Record 1998; 142; 103-106.

 

21. Office of International Epizootics/World Organization for Animal Health. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Statistics. http://www.oie.int/eng/info/en_esb.htm.

 

22. U.K. Department of Health, Monthly CJD Statistical Figures. http://www.gnn.gov.uk/environment/fullDetail.asp?ReleaseID=261721&NewsAreaID=2&NavigatedFromDepartment=False.


23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vCJD Fact Sheet. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/vcjd/factsheet_nvcjd.htm#reported

 

24. Belay ED, Schonberger LB. Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Clin Lab Med 2002; 22:849-862.

 

25. Lancet, 2002, July 13; 360 [9327]:139.

 

26. CDC. Probable variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a US resident – Florida, 2002.  MMWR 2002;51:927-929.

 

27. Raymond, G.J. EMBO Journal 19:4425-4430.  2000 And Race et.al. J Virology 2002 pp 12365-12368.

 

28. Fact Sheet: Federal Agencies Take Special Precautions to Keep “Mad Cow Disease” Out Of The United States, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, August 23, 2001.

www.hhs.gov/news.

 

29. Belay, ED, Gambetti, P, Schonberger, LB et al. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in unusually young patients who consumed venison. Arch Neurol/Vol.58, Oct. 2001, pp1673-78. www.archneurol.com 

 

30. Asante EA, Linehan JM, Descruslais M, Joiner S, Gowland I, Wood AL,  Welch J, Hill AF, Lloyd SE, Wadworth JDF, Collinge J. BSE prions propagate as either variant CJD-like or sporadic CJD-like prion strains in transgenic mice expressing human prion protein. The EMBO Journal Vol. 21 No. 23 pp. 6358-6366, 2002.

 

31. European Union's Scientific Steering Committee, http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/ssc/out296_en.pdf

32. Collinge J, Sidle KC, Meads J, Ironside J and Hill AF. 1996. Molecular analysis of prion strain variation and the aetiology of 'new variant' CJD. Nature 383:685-90.

 

33. Bruce ME, Will RG, Ironside JW, McConnel I, Drummond D, Suttie A, McCardle L, Chree A, Hope J, Birkett C, Cousens S, Fraser H, and Bostock CJ. 1997. Transmissions to mice indicate that 'new    variant' CJD is caused by the BSE agent. Nature 389: 498-501.

 

34. Matthews D, DEFRA UK, Verbally reported.  September 2003.

 

35. Richard Race, DVM; Darwin Ernst, BA; Allen Jenny, DVM; William Taylor, DVM; Diane Sutton, DVM; Byron Caughey, PhD. Diagnostic implications of dectection of proteinase K-resistant protein in spleen, lymph nodes and brain of Sheep, American Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol. 53, No. 6, pages 883-889.

 

36. Miller JM, Jenny AL, Taylor WD, Marsh FR, Rubenstein R, Race RE. Immunohistochemical detection of prion protein in sheep with scrapie. J. Vet.Diag Invest. 1993; 5:309-16.

 

37. Parchi P, Capellari S, Chin S, Schwarz HB, Schecter NP, Butts JD, Hudkins P, Burns DK, Powers JM, Gambetti P., A subtype of sporadic prion disease mimicking fatal familial insomnia. Neurology 1999 52:1757-1763.

 

38. Parchi et al, Annals of Neurology, 1999.

 

39. Official statement from Agence Francaise de Securite Sanitaire des Ailments (AFSSA - French Food Safety Agency), March 27, 2002: Tests on muscle samples from BSE-infected cow and four BSE-infected mice were negative for prions.

 



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